After attending a training organised by the edget project, getu negese allocated 1. Forage mixtures for dairy grazing with the right management and the proper forage species, as little as acres can be grazed, replacing percent of the tmr with no drop in milk production. Full text pdf international journal of agriculture and biosciences. To accurately evaluate forage quality, forages must be tested whenever a change is expected in the quality the amount and type of concentrate mix needs to match the type and quality of forages fed to the milking herd, dry cows and heifers.
Determinants of adoption of improved forages in selected districts of. Supporting fodder production through the provision of forage seed to 1 600 households. Implementation challenges of innovation systems perspective in fodder production in ethiopia kebebe ergano, alan duncan, aberra adie, abate tedla, gebremedhin woldewahid, zewdu ayele, gebreyohannes berhanu and nigatu alemayehu international livestock research institute addis ababa, ethiopia p. The quantitative values for land rent costs, equipment and labor costs, seed costs, production costs per acre, and forage. It is second to tef eragrostis tef in area coverage but first in productivity and total production among all cereals. Livestock in ethiopia is dependent primarily on native grasslands and crop residues. Forage seed production is less developed than field crops. Ilri international livestock research institute, nairobi, kenya.
Forage production boosts the resilience of pastoralist. The aim of the project is to increase milk production and productivity in order to double the. As ethiopias population rises, marginal lands continue to be placed in production farming causing rapid degradation of the land. From the sampled forages, a biomass dm yield of sesbania sesban in. As a result, milk production is low and highly seasonally dependent. Ethiopia has a large livestock population, a relatively favourable climate for improved, high yielding dairy cattle breeds and regions with less animal diseasestress that make the country to have a substantial potential for dairy development. Developing sustainable forage production ethiopias livestock population is the largest on the african continent with 80 million cattle, sheep, goats, and camels. The drought contributed to low crop production for both the belg and meher harvests, poor livestock health, low water availability. Snv ethiopia, through edget project enhancing dairy sector growth in ethiopia, 202018, engages in the capacity building, extension services and innovative support to the ethiopian dairy sector particularly working with smallholder dairy farmers. This site is like a library, use search box in the widget to get ebook that you want.
There is a true green revolution in the making in this country. The concept of rangeland carrying capacity in subsaharan. Sustainable forage production strategies for small scale livestock. Improved forage crops production strategies in ethiopia. Forage seed research and development in ethiopia ethiopian. Pdf evaluation of some selected forage grasses for their. Pasture and rangeland research and development in ethiopia. Forage seed distributions are ongoing throughout the country. Livestock feed shortage 88% and water shortage 12% was the major problem in the study. Various functions of livestock include dairy production, meat production, draught labor and transportation.
Ethiopia environmental and climate change brief, swedish embassy of ethiopia. The objectives of this programme were to increase the quantity and quality of forage produced and to reduce the incidence and impact of soil degradation. Review on challenges and opportunities sheep production. Download training report on forage production, feed management and. The evolution of forage seed production in ethiopia.
Ethiopia food security outlook october 2015 to march 2016. Silage making is long practiced by the larger agricultural sector, but the production method relies. The free state and mpumalanga provinces are the largest contributors to the area planted to sorghum and sorghum production. Currently, there are two main problems within the community. Teff grass crop overview and forage production guide. Access to forage in the mid and highlands of wolayta and. The production of sorghum in south africa varies from 100 000 ton 00 ha to 180 000 ton 150 000 ha per annum. Selection of pasture forage and harvested forage types. Mung bean, locally known as masho, is a highly nutritious crop from the pea family that is relatively high in protein, a good source of vitamins a and c, and a natural antioxidant. Innovation lab for small scale irrigation ilssi stakeholder.
Evaluation of morphological characteristics, yield and. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. More emphasis needs to be placed on producing greater quantities of high quality forage. Feeding dairy cows on quality pasture iowa state university. Lessons from fourth livestock development project article pdf available december 2017 with 2,472 reads how we measure reads. There is no need to dry out the plant material any more than that, so wet weather is not such a constraint as it is with making hay. Alppis will develop a network of independent inseminators that will.
In ethiopia, forage development started through the introduction of improved forage species. Effects and recommendations susan ilyin executive summary livestock in ethiopia has an important economic, functional, and cultural significance. Evaluation of some selected forage grasses for their salt tolerance, ameliorative effect and biomass yield under salt affected soil at southern afar, ethiopia article pdf available september. Agricultural based livelihood systems in drylands in the context of climate change, fao enrm profile. In ethiopia, livestock fattening, dairy, poultry, and forage production can be profitable enterprises and a means to increase smallholder farmers incomes. Rural dairy production system is part of the subsistence farming system that contributes up to 98% of the total milk production of in ethiopia, and includes pastoralists, agropastoralists, and mixed croplivestock producers 912. Ethiopia food security outlook october 2015 to march 2016 largescale food security emergency projected for 2016 key messages in 2015, eastern ethiopia had a severe drought. Sorghum is mainly cultivated in drier areas, especially on shallow and heavy clay soils. Nitrogen requirements for heavy forage production and heavy grazing will likely be double those required for. Full length research improved forage crops production strategies in ethiopia. In ethiopian agriculture, livestock farming systems play a vital role for the. Therefore, recognition must be given to the fact that inadequate seed production results inadequate to. Regional patterns and trends alemayehu seyoum taffesse, paul dorosh and sinafikeh asrat development strategy and governance division, international food policy research institute, ethiopia strategy support program ii, ethiopia ifpriaddis ababa p.
Ethiopia situation report 30 august 2017 in numbers 8. Their diets consist of crop residues, like straw, stover, and native forage from communal pastures and rangelands. Performance evaluation of herbaceous forage grasses. The main advantages of new forage type teffs are their ability to produce high yields combined with high quality in the summer months in contrast to cool season perennial grasses that lack adequate forage production during the summer slump period. A major point for the cultivation of forages lies in their potential to provide improved quantity and quality feed to livestock and legumes improving soil fertility. Climate change and livestock production in ethiopia, journal for advances in life science and technology, volume 22.
Ethiopia is vulnerable to trade shocks from international food and fuel prices, and to large. Improved forage production practice and challenges in libokemkem district, ethiopia workye melese, aschalew assefa and kirkim dehninet university of gondar, college of veterinary medicine and animal sciences, department of animal production and extension, p. Getnet assefa at ethiopian institute of agricultural research. Livestock production is one of the most important agricultural land use systems in the world, with grasslands covering 25% of land surface and contributing to the livelihoods of more than 800 million people. Click download or read online button to get commercializing dairy and forage systems in ethiopia book now. Tesfaye lemma tefera, puskur r, hoekstra d and azage tegegne. This should include the estimated feeding and storage losses which can often total 15% to 20%. Survey on constraints of improved forage adoption in anelemo. Improved forage cultivation was practiced for the purpose of source of animal feed, soil conservation, crop rotation, wind break, fence and for fuel in descending order of their importance table 6.
Different forage development strategies like backyard forage development, under sowing of cereal crop with forage legumes, forage development on stock exclusion area, forage development on conservation structures, and over sowing on existing grazingpasture land are practicing in ethiopia. Forage seed production and multiplication through farmers. Training report on forage production, feed management and. Livestock production trends in annual production of meat, milk and eggs 1,000 metric tonnes year annual growth rate product % 1980 1993 2000 2015 19801993 19932000 meat, total 506. Natural pasture is a forage but is not grown as a crop, so is termed forage, not a forage crop. Improving dairy production through increased forage production is limited in ethiopia due to, among other factors, poor extension and training. There are various strategies to integrate forage crops into croplivestock farming system in ethiopia. Therefore, forage seeds systems have to be stimulated for mitigating feed constraints for poor livestock keepers linked to. Overview of improved forage and forage seed production in ethiopia. The major improved forage crops adopted in the district were desho grass, elephant grass, oat, vetch and sesbaniaya sesban and tree lucerne. More concentrate of high energy density needs to be fed with poor quality forages. Improved forage seed, eastern zone of tigray, ethiopia. Grazing management introduction pasture is the basis of any livestock operation that purports to be truly sustainable. For example, by adopting commercial seeds in combination with best practice techniques on a quarter of the current crop area, research indicates that farmers could increase maize production by over 60 percent and selfpollinated crop production such as wheat by over 30 percent.
The recommended strategy is for usaidethiopia to support the goes marketdriven. Survey on constraints of improved forage adoption in. Forage production systems forage production and pasture. Snv ethiopia, through edget project enhancing dairy sector growth in ethiopia, 20. Forage seed research and production in oromia agricultural research institute. Summer production teff can be planted in late spring and be cut multiple times during the hot summer months. Feeding dairy cows on quality pasture lower dry matter intakes, low by larry tranel and dr. Dairy productivity is therefore low in the dry season mainly due to inadequate and low quality forage. Ethiopia international livestock research institute. Ethiopia addis getu department of animal production and extension, faculty of veterinary medicine, university of gondar, ethiopia abstract.
Forage crops are plants which, when grown as a crop, have been found to produce high yields of plant material, which are also high in nutrients suitable for livestock requirements for maintenance and production. Determinants of improved forages adoption in doyogena. Forage production potential of maize cowpea intercropping. The pastoral rangelands of ethiopia are located around the peripheral or the outer edge of the country, almost surrounding the central highland mass. Forage chopper for silage production sabana grande, nicaragua. The method of integration used for a specific farming system mainly depends on the type of forage. However, in ethiopia livestock production has been mainly constrained by inadequate supply and poor quality of available feed resources 18, 21. A plan might start with a forage inventory plan describing the amounts of forages the farm anticipates needing for the year. Growing of forage legumes intercropping enables to use the small farm land for both crop and feed production. A forage crop can be cut early and only has to have 30% dry matter to be ensiled successfully. Pdf ab stract this paper summarizes the forage production program of the fourth livestock development project implemented in. Grazing management is a factor in pasture forage production that is largely overlooked and controversial. Pasture management and improvement strategies in ethiopia. This summer production can provide a source of stored forage for the winter months or fed to bridge the summer slump period of other cool season grass species.
Forage production potential of maize cowpea intercropping in maichewsouthern tigray, ethiopia. Dave combs many studies suggest that quality pasture reduces input costs and increases net returns. Forage seed production and distribution forage seed production and multiplication through farmers research group in adami tulu and arsinegelle districts abule ebro1, tadesse assefa,2 kebede teshome1 and belete shenkute1 1 adami tulu agricultural research center, oromia agricultural research institute, p. Because the ultimate objective of forage production is to increase the. Forage production has been regarded as one of the suitable strategies for increasing feed availability for enhanced livestock production among pastoralist. It is especially important as the livestock sector continues to experience extraordinarily high fuel and other input costs. Pdf overview of improved forage and forage seed production in. Farmers utilization practice, yield and chemical composition of. Improved forage production practice and challenges in. Destocked 4 381 livestock, enhancing the income of 3 214 livestock. In ethiopia, livestock obtain feed from natural pastures, crop residues.
This study aims to investigate the perception of improved forage production and utilization system on natural resource conservation areas in selected areas of northwestern ethiopia. Animals like oxen used for draft power in plowing and planting and threshing crops such as wheat, barley and maize. The method of integration used for a specific farming system mainly depends on the type of. Articulate and share with the goe a vision for and strategy for a vibrant and progressive dairy subsector that supports the efficient and safe production, processing and marketing of milk and milk products. Next would be a crop production plan with all the fields identified with projected forage production from each. Growing fodder isnt a widespread practice in southern ethiopia. Editing, design and layoutilri publication unit, addis ababa, ethiopia. All books are in clear copy here, and all files are secure so dont worry about it. The major constraints for improved forage adoption in the study area was a shortage of land 28. Make proactive management decisions in order to minimize damage from sustained drought stress.
Pdf improved forage crops production strategies in ethiopia. Eshetu yimer usaidakldp and teklu kidane ilri, 15 december 2015 photo credit. Forage production strengthens farmers resilience north shoa zone of oromia region is one of the most important milk sheds in ethiopia due to its proximity to addis ababa. Box 208, balerobe, ethiopia accepted 15 june, 2015. There is huge demand among smallholders for feed but ready availability of affordable seed is a constraint to fodder production. Compile past grasslands research r and development d initiatives of various stakeholders in a single publication identify key. Many reasons can explain the very limited development of forage production up to date, among which duncan a. First, the small farmers cattle in sabana grande are especially malnourished during the dry seasons between november. Van wijngaarden 1985 proposed a proper use factor of 45% of tdm during the dry season based on his finding that when use was higher, perennial grass cover declined in the subsequent growing season. Grazing management is directed at more efficient utilization of a forage resource than providing a rest period for forage recovery.
These forage production activities transcend the immediate feed crisis by transferring the skills of growing and managing cultivated forages to communities. However, the lack of seed remains a constant constraint to wider adoption by farmers and others. Integration gap in livestockcrop interactions created problems facing forage development in ethiopia acting bottleneck to livestock productivity 6. This is essential in order to create householdlevel feed security, dr. In such a system, livestock production is low, and overgrazing leads to severe erosion and soil fertility problems. Pasturebased production systems offer farmers and ranchers the ability to let the ruminants. Dairy production in ethiopia existing scenario and. Department of biology, addis ababa university, po box 62291, addis ababa, ethiopia. Mung bean renowned in northern ethiopia the innovative seed making an impact on household nutrition g m. Commercializing dairy and forage systems in ethiopia.
Selection of pasture forage and harvested forage types the north american beef herd has been transformed over the past 40 to 50 years, and we now have highperformance, fastgrowing meat animals with improved genetic potential and increased nutrient demands, nevertheless, the industry continues to use traditional pasture forage and harvested forage. Pdf there are various strategies to integrate forage crops into croplivestock farming system in ethiopia. Teff, tef hay quality, annual grass, horse hay, summer forage, forage. Determinants of pastoral communities for adoption of. Forage quality is affected by forage nutritive valuei. Published 28 june, 2015 the excrement was conducted from 201011 to 2012 with the objectives of. The study was conducted with the objectives of identifying the major constraints and opportunities in the production and utilization of improved forages in east gojjam zone, amhara region, ethiopia in case of enebsie sar midr district. Forage production in most areas of ethiopia in the past has been based on uncontrolled grazing of native pastures.
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